λύπη
Lype
Sadness
Lype is the weight that settles over the mind without obvious cause — or with a cause so disproportionate to the response that something else must be operating beneath the surface. The tradition mapped its mechanism with clinical precision: pleasant memories of the way things were give way imperceptibly to grief over what can never be recovered. Nostalgia becomes mourning. And the mourning has no natural end, because what you're grieving is the irreversibility of time itself.
You might recognize this as the Sunday-evening feeling that has no external cause, the low-grade sadness that follows a pleasant memory, the heaviness that arrives after something good ends. Lype is not grief over a genuine loss (which the tradition respects and calls penthos when it's directed toward God). It's the mind's habit of turning even good memories into sources of suffering.
Important distinction: lype is the destructive pattern. Penthos (compunction) is its transformed counterpart — sorrow that is productive, generative, and held in the light of hope. The tradition doesn't counsel against sadness. It distinguishes between the sadness that consumes and the sadness that transforms.
The antidote is joy — not forced positivity, but a deliberate turning of attention from what is absent to what is present. The person gripped by lype cannot see what they have. Joy is the practice of seeing it.
Evening review question: "Where today did you mourn something that isn't yours to carry?"
For the full framework, see the entry on Logismoi.